use std::env;
use std::path::Path;
/// Tells whether we're building for Windows. This is more suitable than a plain
/// `cfg!(windows)`, since the latter does not properly handle cross-compilation
///
/// Note that there is no way to know at compile-time which system we'll be
/// targetting, and this test must be made at run-time (of the build script) See
/// https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/environment-variables.html#environment-variables-cargo-sets-for-build-scripts
fn win_target() -> bool {
env::var("CARGO_CFG_WINDOWS").is_ok()
}
/// Tells whether we're building for Android.
/// See [`win_target`]
#[cfg(any(feature = "bundled", feature = "bundled-windows"))]
fn android_target() -> bool {
env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").map_or(false, |v| v == "android")
}
/// Tells whether a given compiler will be used `compiler_name` is compared to
/// the content of `CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ENV` (and is always lowercase)
///
/// See [`win_target`]
fn is_compiler(compiler_name: &str) -> bool {
env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ENV").map_or(false, |v| v == compiler_name)
}
fn main() {
let out_dir = env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap();
let out_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join("bindgen.rs");
if cfg!(feature = "in_gecko") {
// When inside mozilla-central, we are included into the build with
// sqlite3.o directly, so we don't want to provide any linker arguments.
std::fs::copy("sqlite3/bindgen_bundled_version.rs", out_path)
.expect("Could not copy bindings to output directory");
return;
}
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=LIBSQLITE3_SYS_USE_PKG_CONFIG");
if env::var_os("LIBSQLITE3_SYS_USE_PKG_CONFIG").map_or(false, |s| s != "0") {
build_linked::main(&out_dir, &out_path);
} else if cfg!(all(
feature = "sqlcipher",
not(feature = "bundled-sqlcipher")
)) {
if cfg!(feature = "bundled") || (win_target() && cfg!(feature = "bundled-windows")) {
println!(
"cargo:warning=For backwards compatibility, feature 'sqlcipher' overrides
features 'bundled' and 'bundled-windows'. If you want a bundled build of
SQLCipher (available for the moment only on Unix), use feature 'bundled-sqlcipher'
or 'bundled-sqlcipher-vendored-openssl' to also bundle OpenSSL crypto."
);
}
build_linked::main(&out_dir, &out_path);
} else if cfg!(feature = "bundled")
|| (win_target() && cfg!(feature = "bundled-windows"))
|| cfg!(feature = "bundled-sqlcipher")
{
#[cfg(any(
feature = "bundled",
feature = "bundled-windows",
feature = "bundled-sqlcipher"
))]
build_bundled::main(&out_dir, &out_path);
#[cfg(not(any(
feature = "bundled",
feature = "bundled-windows",
feature = "bundled-sqlcipher"
)))]
panic!("The runtime test should not run this branch, which has not compiled any logic.")
} else {
build_linked::main(&out_dir, &out_path);
}
}
#[cfg(any(
feature = "bundled",
feature = "bundled-windows",
feature = "bundled-sqlcipher"
))]
mod build_bundled {
use std::env;
use std::ffi::OsString;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use super::{is_compiler, win_target};
pub fn main(out_dir: &str, out_path: &Path) {
let lib_name = super::lib_name();
// This is just a sanity check, the top level `main` should ensure this.
assert!(!(cfg!(feature = "bundled-windows") && !cfg!(feature = "bundled") && !win_target()),
"This module should not be used: we're not on Windows and the bundled feature has not been enabled");
#[cfg(feature = "buildtime_bindgen")]
{
use super::{bindings, HeaderLocation};
let header = HeaderLocation::FromPath(format!("{}/sqlite3.h", lib_name));
bindings::write_to_out_dir(header, out_path);
}
#[cfg(not(feature = "buildtime_bindgen"))]
{
use std::fs;
fs::copy(format!("{lib_name}/bindgen_bundled_version.rs"), out_path)
.expect("Could not copy bindings to output directory");
}
// println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=sqlite3/sqlite3.c");
// println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=sqlcipher/sqlite3.c");
println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={lib_name}/sqlite3.c");
println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=sqlite3/wasm32-wasi-vfs.c");
let mut cfg = cc::Build::new();
cfg.file(format!("{lib_name}/sqlite3.c"))
.flag("-DSQLITE_CORE")
.flag("-DSQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS=1")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION=1")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2")
.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4")
.flag("-DSQLITE_SOUNDEX")
.flag("-DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=1")
.flag("-DSQLITE_USE_URI")
.flag("-DHAVE_USLEEP=1")
.flag("-D_POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS") // cross compile with MinGW
.warnings(false);
if cfg!(feature = "bundled-sqlcipher") {
cfg.flag("-DSQLITE_HAS_CODEC").flag("-DSQLITE_TEMP_STORE=2");
let target = env::var("TARGET").unwrap();
let host = env::var("HOST").unwrap();
let is_windows = host.contains("windows") && target.contains("windows");
let is_apple = host.contains("apple") && target.contains("apple");
let lib_dir = env("OPENSSL_LIB_DIR").map(PathBuf::from);
let inc_dir = env("OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR").map(PathBuf::from);
let mut use_openssl = false;
let (lib_dir, inc_dir) = match (lib_dir, inc_dir) {
(Some(lib_dir), Some(inc_dir)) => {
use_openssl = true;
(lib_dir, inc_dir)
}
(lib_dir, inc_dir) => match find_openssl_dir(&host, &target) {
None => {
if is_windows && !cfg!(feature = "bundled-sqlcipher-vendored-openssl") {
panic!("Missing environment variable OPENSSL_DIR or OPENSSL_DIR is not set")
} else {
(PathBuf::new(), PathBuf::new())
}
}
Some(openssl_dir) => {
let lib_dir = lib_dir.unwrap_or_else(|| openssl_dir.join("lib"));
let inc_dir = inc_dir.unwrap_or_else(|| openssl_dir.join("include"));
assert!(
Path::new(&lib_dir).exists(),
"OpenSSL library directory does not exist: {}",
lib_dir.to_string_lossy()
);
if !Path::new(&inc_dir).exists() {
panic!(
"OpenSSL include directory does not exist: {}",
inc_dir.to_string_lossy()
);
}
use_openssl = true;
(lib_dir, inc_dir)
}
},
};
if cfg!(feature = "bundled-sqlcipher-vendored-openssl") {
cfg.include(env::var("DEP_OPENSSL_INCLUDE").unwrap());
// cargo will resolve downstream to the static lib in
// openssl-sys
} else if use_openssl {
cfg.include(inc_dir.to_string_lossy().as_ref());
let lib_name = if is_windows { "libcrypto" } else { "crypto" };
println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib={}", lib_name);
println!("cargo:rustc-link-search={}", lib_dir.to_string_lossy());
} else if is_apple {
cfg.flag("-DSQLCIPHER_CRYPTO_CC");
println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=Security");
println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=CoreFoundation");
} else {
// branch not taken on Windows, just `crypto` is fine.
println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib=crypto");
}
}
// on android sqlite can't figure out where to put the temp files.
// the bundled sqlite on android also uses `SQLITE_TEMP_STORE=3`.
// https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/sqlite/+/2c8c9ae3b7e6f340a19a0001c2a889a211c9d8b2/dist/Android.mk
if super::android_target() {
cfg.flag("-DSQLITE_TEMP_STORE=3");
}
if cfg!(feature = "with-asan") {
cfg.flag("-fsanitize=address");
}
// If explicitly requested: enable static linking against the Microsoft Visual
// C++ Runtime to avoid dependencies on vcruntime140.dll and similar libraries.
if cfg!(target_feature = "crt-static") && is_compiler("msvc") {
cfg.static_crt(true);
}
// Older versions of visual studio don't support c99 (including isnan), which
// causes a build failure when the linker fails to find the `isnan`
// function. `sqlite` provides its own implementation, using the fact
// that x != x when x is NaN.
//
// There may be other platforms that don't support `isnan`, they should be
// tested for here.
if is_compiler("msvc") {
use cc::windows_registry::{find_vs_version, VsVers};
let vs_has_nan = match find_vs_version() {
Ok(ver) => ver != VsVers::Vs12,
Err(_msg) => false,
};
if vs_has_nan {
cfg.flag("-DHAVE_ISNAN");
}
} else {
cfg.flag("-DHAVE_ISNAN");
}
if !win_target() {
cfg.flag("-DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R");
}
// Target wasm32-wasi can't compile the default VFS
if env::var("TARGET").map_or(false, |v| v == "wasm32-wasi") {
cfg.flag("-DSQLITE_OS_OTHER")
// https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/74393
.flag("-DLONGDOUBLE_TYPE=double");
if cfg!(feature = "wasm32-wasi-vfs") {
cfg.file("sqlite3/wasm32-wasi-vfs.c");
}
}
if cfg!(feature = "unlock_notify") {
cfg.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY");
}
if cfg!(feature = "preupdate_hook") {
cfg.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK");
}
if cfg!(feature = "session") {
cfg.flag("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION");
}
if let Ok(limit) = env::var("SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER") {
cfg.flag(&format!("-DSQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER={limit}"));
}
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER");
if let Ok(limit) = env::var("SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH") {
cfg.flag(&format!("-DSQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH={limit}"));
}
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH");
if let Ok(limit) = env::var("SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN") {
cfg.flag(&format!("-DSQLITE_MAX_COLUMN={limit}"));
}
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN");
if let Ok(extras) = env::var("LIBSQLITE3_FLAGS") {
for extra in extras.split_whitespace() {
if extra.starts_with("-D") || extra.starts_with("-U") {
cfg.flag(extra);
} else if extra.starts_with("SQLITE_") {
cfg.flag(&format!("-D{extra}"));
} else {
panic!("Don't understand {} in LIBSQLITE3_FLAGS", extra);
}
}
}
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=LIBSQLITE3_FLAGS");
cfg.compile(lib_name);
println!("cargo:lib_dir={out_dir}");
}
fn env(name: &str) -> Option<OsString> {
let prefix = env::var("TARGET").unwrap().to_uppercase().replace('-', "_");
let prefixed = format!("{prefix}_{name}");
let var = env::var_os(prefixed);
match var {
None => env::var_os(name),
_ => var,
}
}
fn find_openssl_dir(_host: &str, _target: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
let openssl_dir = env("OPENSSL_DIR");
openssl_dir.map(PathBuf::from)
}
}
fn env_prefix() -> &'static str {
if cfg!(any(feature = "sqlcipher", feature = "bundled-sqlcipher")) {
"SQLCIPHER"
} else {
"SQLITE3"
}
}
fn lib_name() -> &'static str {
if cfg!(any(feature = "sqlcipher", feature = "bundled-sqlcipher")) {
"sqlcipher"
} else if cfg!(all(windows, feature = "winsqlite3")) {
"winsqlite3"
} else {
"sqlite3"
}
}
pub enum HeaderLocation {
FromEnvironment,
Wrapper,
FromPath(String),
}
impl From<HeaderLocation> for String {
fn from(header: HeaderLocation) -> String {
match header {
HeaderLocation::FromEnvironment => {
let prefix = env_prefix();
let mut header = env::var(format!("{prefix}_INCLUDE_DIR")).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
panic!(
"{}_INCLUDE_DIR must be set if {}_LIB_DIR is set",
prefix, prefix
)
});
header.push_str("/sqlite3.h");
header
}
HeaderLocation::Wrapper => "wrapper.h".into(),
HeaderLocation::FromPath(path) => path,
}
}
}
mod build_linked {
#[cfg(feature = "vcpkg")]
extern crate vcpkg;
use super::{bindings, env_prefix, is_compiler, lib_name, win_target, HeaderLocation};
use std::env;
use std::path::Path;
pub fn main(_out_dir: &str, out_path: &Path) {
let header = find_sqlite();
if (cfg!(any(
feature = "bundled_bindings",
feature = "bundled",
feature = "bundled-sqlcipher"
)) || (win_target() && cfg!(feature = "bundled-windows")))
&& !cfg!(feature = "buildtime_bindgen")
{
// Generally means the `bundled_bindings` feature is enabled.
// Most users are better off with turning
// on buildtime_bindgen instead, but this is still supported as we
// have runtime version checks and there are good reasons to not
// want to run bindgen.
std::fs::copy(
format!("{}/bindgen_bundled_version.rs", lib_name()),
out_path,
)
.expect("Could not copy bindings to output directory");
} else {
bindings::write_to_out_dir(header, out_path);
}
}
fn find_link_mode() -> &'static str {
// If the user specifies SQLITE3_STATIC (or SQLCIPHER_STATIC), do static
// linking, unless it's explicitly set to 0.
match &env::var(format!("{}_STATIC", env_prefix())) {
Ok(v) if v != "0" => "static",
_ => "dylib",
}
}
// Prints the necessary cargo link commands and returns the path to the header.
fn find_sqlite() -> HeaderLocation {
let link_lib = lib_name();
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed={}_INCLUDE_DIR", env_prefix());
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed={}_LIB_DIR", env_prefix());
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed={}_STATIC", env_prefix());
if cfg!(feature = "vcpkg") && is_compiler("msvc") {
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VCPKGRS_DYNAMIC");
}
// dependents can access `DEP_SQLITE3_LINK_TARGET` (`sqlite3` being the
// `links=` value in our Cargo.toml) to get this value. This might be
// useful if you need to ensure whatever crypto library sqlcipher relies
// on is available, for example.
println!("cargo:link-target={link_lib}");
if win_target() && cfg!(feature = "winsqlite3") {
println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib={link_lib}");
return HeaderLocation::Wrapper;
}
// Allow users to specify where to find SQLite.
if let Ok(dir) = env::var(format!("{}_LIB_DIR", env_prefix())) {
// Try to use pkg-config to determine link commands
let pkgconfig_path = Path::new(&dir).join("pkgconfig");
env::set_var("PKG_CONFIG_PATH", pkgconfig_path);
if pkg_config::Config::new().probe(link_lib).is_err() {
// Otherwise just emit the bare minimum link commands.
println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}={link_lib}", find_link_mode());
println!("cargo:rustc-link-search={dir}");
}
return HeaderLocation::FromEnvironment;
}
if let Some(header) = try_vcpkg() {
return header;
}
// See if pkg-config can do everything for us.
if let Ok(mut lib) = pkg_config::Config::new()
.print_system_libs(false)
.probe(link_lib)
{
if let Some(mut header) = lib.include_paths.pop() {
header.push("sqlite3.h");
HeaderLocation::FromPath(header.to_string_lossy().into())
} else {
HeaderLocation::Wrapper
}
} else {
// No env var set and pkg-config couldn't help; just output the link-lib
// request and hope that the library exists on the system paths. We used to
// output /usr/lib explicitly, but that can introduce other linking problems;
// see https://github.com/rusqlite/rusqlite/issues/207.
println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}={link_lib}", find_link_mode());
HeaderLocation::Wrapper
}
}
fn try_vcpkg() -> Option<HeaderLocation> {
if cfg!(feature = "vcpkg") && is_compiler("msvc") {
// See if vcpkg can find it.
if let Ok(mut lib) = vcpkg::Config::new().probe(lib_name()) {
if let Some(mut header) = lib.include_paths.pop() {
header.push("sqlite3.h");
return Some(HeaderLocation::FromPath(header.to_string_lossy().into()));
}
}
None
} else {
None
}
}
}
#[cfg(not(feature = "buildtime_bindgen"))]
mod bindings {
#![allow(dead_code)]
use super::HeaderLocation;
use std::fs;
use std::path::Path;
static PREBUILT_BINDGEN_PATHS: &[&str] = &["bindgen-bindings/bindgen_3.14.0.rs"];
pub fn write_to_out_dir(_header: HeaderLocation, out_path: &Path) {
let in_path = PREBUILT_BINDGEN_PATHS[PREBUILT_BINDGEN_PATHS.len() - 1];
fs::copy(in_path, out_path).expect("Could not copy bindings to output directory");
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "buildtime_bindgen")]
mod bindings {
use super::HeaderLocation;
use bindgen::callbacks::{IntKind, ParseCallbacks};
use std::fs::OpenOptions;
use std::io::Write;
use std::path::Path;
use super::win_target;
#[derive(Debug)]
struct SqliteTypeChooser;
impl ParseCallbacks for SqliteTypeChooser {
fn int_macro(&self, _name: &str, value: i64) -> Option<IntKind> {
if value >= i32::MIN as i64 && value <= i32::MAX as i64 {
Some(IntKind::I32)
} else {
None
}
}
fn item_name(&self, original_item_name: &str) -> Option<String> {
original_item_name
.strip_prefix("sqlite3_index_info_")
.map(|s| s.to_owned())
}
}
// Are we generating the bundled bindings? Used to avoid emitting things
// that would be problematic in bundled builds. This env var is set by
// `upgrade.sh`.
fn generating_bundled_bindings() -> bool {
// Hacky way to know if we're generating the bundled bindings
println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=LIBSQLITE3_SYS_BUNDLING");
match std::env::var("LIBSQLITE3_SYS_BUNDLING") {
Ok(v) => v != "0",
Err(_) => false,
}
}
pub fn write_to_out_dir(header: HeaderLocation, out_path: &Path) {
let header: String = header.into();
let mut output = Vec::new();
let mut bindings = bindgen::builder()
.trust_clang_mangling(false)
.header(header.clone())
.parse_callbacks(Box::new(SqliteTypeChooser))
.blocklist_function("sqlite3_auto_extension")
.raw_line(
r#"extern "C" {
pub fn sqlite3_auto_extension(
xEntryPoint: ::std::option::Option<
unsafe extern "C" fn(
db: *mut sqlite3,
pzErrMsg: *mut *const ::std::os::raw::c_char,
pThunk: *const sqlite3_api_routines,
) -> ::std::os::raw::c_int,
>,
) -> ::std::os::raw::c_int;
}"#,
)
.blocklist_function("sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension")
.raw_line(
r#"extern "C" {
pub fn sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(
xEntryPoint: ::std::option::Option<
unsafe extern "C" fn(
db: *mut sqlite3,
pzErrMsg: *mut *const ::std::os::raw::c_char,
pThunk: *const sqlite3_api_routines,
) -> ::std::os::raw::c_int,
>,
) -> ::std::os::raw::c_int;
}"#,
);
if cfg!(any(feature = "sqlcipher", feature = "bundled-sqlcipher")) {
bindings = bindings.clang_arg("-DSQLITE_HAS_CODEC");
}
if cfg!(feature = "unlock_notify") {
bindings = bindings.clang_arg("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY");
}
if cfg!(feature = "preupdate_hook") {
bindings = bindings.clang_arg("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK");
}
if cfg!(feature = "session") {
bindings = bindings.clang_arg("-DSQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION");
}
if win_target() && cfg!(feature = "winsqlite3") {
bindings = bindings
.clang_arg("-DBINDGEN_USE_WINSQLITE3")
.blocklist_item("NTDDI_.+")
.blocklist_item("WINAPI_FAMILY.*")
.blocklist_item("_WIN32_.+")
.blocklist_item("_VCRT_COMPILER_PREPROCESSOR")
.blocklist_item("_SAL_VERSION")
.blocklist_item("__SAL_H_VERSION")
.blocklist_item("_USE_DECLSPECS_FOR_SAL")
.blocklist_item("_USE_ATTRIBUTES_FOR_SAL")
.blocklist_item("_CRT_PACKING")
.blocklist_item("_HAS_EXCEPTIONS")
.blocklist_item("_STL_LANG")
.blocklist_item("_HAS_CXX17")
.blocklist_item("_HAS_CXX20")
.blocklist_item("_HAS_NODISCARD")
.blocklist_item("WDK_NTDDI_VERSION")
.blocklist_item("OSVERSION_MASK")
.blocklist_item("SPVERSION_MASK")
.blocklist_item("SUBVERSION_MASK")
.blocklist_item("WINVER")
.blocklist_item("__security_cookie")
.blocklist_type("size_t")
.blocklist_type("__vcrt_bool")
.blocklist_type("wchar_t")
.blocklist_function("__security_init_cookie")
.blocklist_function("__report_gsfailure")
.blocklist_function("__va_start");
}
// When cross compiling unless effort is taken to fix the issue, bindgen
// will find the wrong headers. There's only one header included by the
// amalgamated `sqlite.h`: `stdarg.h`.
//
// Thankfully, there's almost no case where rust code needs to use
// functions taking `va_list` (It's nearly impossible to get a `va_list`
// in Rust unless you get passed it by C code for some reason).
//
// Arguably, we should never be including these, but we include them for
// the cases where they aren't totally broken...
let target_arch = std::env::var("TARGET").unwrap();
let host_arch = std::env::var("HOST").unwrap();
let is_cross_compiling = target_arch != host_arch;
// Note that when generating the bundled file, we're essentially always
// cross compiling.
if generating_bundled_bindings() || is_cross_compiling {
// Get rid of va_list, as it's not
bindings = bindings
.blocklist_function("sqlite3_vmprintf")
.blocklist_function("sqlite3_vsnprintf")
.blocklist_function("sqlite3_str_vappendf")
.blocklist_type("va_list")
.blocklist_type("__builtin_va_list")
.blocklist_type("__gnuc_va_list")
.blocklist_type("__va_list_tag")
.blocklist_item("__GNUC_VA_LIST");
}
bindings
.layout_tests(false)
.generate()
.unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("could not run bindgen on header {}", header))
.write(Box::new(&mut output))
.expect("could not write output of bindgen");
let mut output = String::from_utf8(output).expect("bindgen output was not UTF-8?!");
// rusqlite's functions feature ors in the SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag when it
// can. This flag was added in SQLite 3.8.3, but oring it in in prior
// versions of SQLite is harmless. We don't want to not build just
// because this flag is missing (e.g., if we're linking against
// SQLite 3.7.x), so append the flag manually if it isn't present in bindgen's
// output.
if !output.contains("pub const SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC") {
output.push_str("\npub const SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC: i32 = 2048;\n");
}
let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
.write(true)
.truncate(true)
.create(true)
.open(out_path)
.unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Could not write to {:?}", out_path));
file.write_all(output.as_bytes())
.unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Could not write to {:?}", out_path));
}
}