/*
 * Copyright 2015-2022 Leonid Yuriev <leo@yuriev.ru>
 * and other libmdbx authors: please see AUTHORS file.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
 * Public License.
 *
 * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
 * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
 * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
 */

#if !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)) /* !Windows LCK-implementation */

#include "internals.h"

#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
#include <sys/sem.h>
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* global constructor/destructor */

#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)

#include <sys/utsname.h>

#ifndef xMDBX_ALLOY
uint32_t mdbx_linux_kernel_version;
bool mdbx_RunningOnWSL1;
#endif /* xMDBX_ALLOY */

__cold static uint8_t probe_for_WSL(const char *tag) {
  const char *const WSL = strstr(tag, "WSL");
  if (WSL && WSL[3] >= '2' && WSL[3] <= '9')
    return WSL[3] - '0';
  const char *const wsl = strstr(tag, "wsl");
  if (wsl && wsl[3] >= '2' && wsl[3] <= '9')
    return wsl[3] - '0';
  if (WSL || wsl || strcasestr(tag, "Microsoft"))
    /* Expecting no new kernel within WSL1, either it will explicitly
     * marked by an appropriate WSL-version hint. */
    return (mdbx_linux_kernel_version < /* 4.19.x */ 0x04130000) ? 1 : 2;
  return 0;
}

#endif /* Linux */

__cold static __attribute__((__constructor__)) void
mdbx_global_constructor(void) {
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)
  struct utsname buffer;
  if (uname(&buffer) == 0) {
    int i = 0;
    char *p = buffer.release;
    while (*p && i < 4) {
      if (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') {
        long number = strtol(p, &p, 10);
        if (number > 0) {
          if (number > 255)
            number = 255;
          mdbx_linux_kernel_version += number << (24 - i * 8);
        }
        ++i;
      } else {
        ++p;
      }
    }
    /* "Official" way of detecting WSL1 but not WSL2
     * https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/423#issuecomment-221627364
     *
     * WARNING: False negative detection of WSL1 will result in DATA LOSS!
     * So, the REQUIREMENTS for this code:
     *  1. MUST detect WSL1 without false-negatives.
     *  2. DESIRABLE detect WSL2 but without the risk of violating the first. */
    mdbx_RunningOnWSL1 = probe_for_WSL(buffer.version) == 1 ||
                         probe_for_WSL(buffer.sysname) == 1 ||
                         probe_for_WSL(buffer.release) == 1;
  }
#endif /* Linux */

  mdbx_rthc_global_init();
}

__cold static __attribute__((__destructor__)) void
mdbx_global_destructor(void) {
  mdbx_rthc_global_dtor();
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* lck */

/* Описание реализации блокировок для POSIX & Linux:
 *
 * lck-файл отображается в память, в нём организуется таблица читателей и
 * размещаются совместно используемые posix-мьютексы (futex). Посредством
 * этих мьютексов (см struct MDBX_lockinfo) реализуются:
 *  - Блокировка таблицы читателей для регистрации,
 *    т.е. функции mdbx_rdt_lock() и mdbx_rdt_unlock().
 *  - Блокировка БД для пишущих транзакций,
 *    т.е. функции mdbx_txn_lock() и mdbx_txn_unlock().
 *
 * Остальной функционал реализуется отдельно посредством файловых блокировок:
 *  - Первоначальный захват БД в режиме exclusive/shared и последующий перевод
 *    в операционный режим, функции mdbx_lck_seize() и mdbx_lck_downgrade().
 *  - Проверка присутствие процессов-читателей,
 *    т.е. функции mdbx_rpid_set(), mdbx_rpid_clear() и mdbx_rpid_check().
 *
 * Для блокировки файлов используется fcntl(F_SETLK), так как:
 *  - lockf() оперирует только эксклюзивной блокировкой и требует
 *    открытия файла в RW-режиме.
 *  - flock() не гарантирует атомарности при смене блокировок
 *    и оперирует только всем файлом целиком.
 *  - Для контроля процессов-читателей используются однобайтовые
 *    range-блокировки lck-файла посредством fcntl(F_SETLK). При этом
 *    в качестве позиции используется pid процесса-читателя.
 *  - Для первоначального захвата и shared/exclusive выполняется блокировка
 *    основного файла БД и при успехе lck-файла.
 *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * УДЕРЖИВАЕМЫЕ БЛОКИРОВКИ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ РЕЖИМА И СОСТОЯНИЯ
 *
 * Эксклюзивный режим без lck-файла:
 *   = заблокирован весь dxb-файл посредством F_RDLCK или F_WRLCK,
 *     в зависимости от MDBX_RDONLY.
 *
 * Не-операционный режим на время пере-инициализации и разрушении lck-файла:
 *   = F_WRLCK блокировка первого байта lck-файла, другие процессы ждут её
 *     снятия при получении F_RDLCK через F_SETLKW.
 *   - блокировки dxb-файла могут меняться до снятие эксклюзивной блокировки
 *    lck-файла:
 *       + для НЕ-эксклюзивного режима блокировка pid-байта в dxb-файле
 *         посредством F_RDLCK или F_WRLCK, в зависимости от MDBX_RDONLY.
 *       + для ЭКСКЛЮЗИВНОГО режима блокировка всего dxb-файла
 *         посредством F_RDLCK или F_WRLCK, в зависимости от MDBX_RDONLY.
 *
 * ОПЕРАЦИОННЫЙ режим с lck-файлом:
 *   = F_RDLCK блокировка первого байта lck-файла, другие процессы не могут
 *     получить F_WRLCK и таким образом видят что БД используется.
 *   + F_WRLCK блокировка pid-байта в clk-файле после первой транзакции чтения.
 *   + для НЕ-эксклюзивного режима блокировка pid-байта в dxb-файле
 *     посредством F_RDLCK или F_WRLCK, в зависимости от MDBX_RDONLY.
 *   + для ЭКСКЛЮЗИВНОГО режима блокировка pid-байта всего dxb-файла
 *     посредством F_RDLCK или F_WRLCK, в зависимости от MDBX_RDONLY.
 */

#if MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS
static int op_setlk, op_setlkw, op_getlk;
__cold static void choice_fcntl(void) {
  assert(!op_setlk && !op_setlkw && !op_getlk);
  if ((mdbx_runtime_flags & MDBX_DBG_LEGACY_MULTIOPEN) == 0
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)
      && mdbx_linux_kernel_version >
             0x030f0000 /* OFD locks are available since 3.15, but engages here
                           only for 3.16 and later kernels (i.e. LTS) because
                           of reliability reasons */
#endif                  /* linux */
  ) {
    op_setlk = F_OFD_SETLK;
    op_setlkw = F_OFD_SETLKW;
    op_getlk = F_OFD_GETLK;
    return;
  }
  op_setlk = F_SETLK;
  op_setlkw = F_SETLKW;
  op_getlk = F_GETLK;
}
#else
#define op_setlk F_SETLK
#define op_setlkw F_SETLKW
#define op_getlk F_GETLK
#endif /* MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS */

#ifndef OFF_T_MAX
#define OFF_T_MAX                                                              \
  (((sizeof(off_t) > 4) ? INT64_MAX : INT32_MAX) & ~(size_t)0xffff)
#endif

static int lck_op(const mdbx_filehandle_t fd, int cmd, const int lck,
                  const off_t offset, off_t len) {
  STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(off_t) >= sizeof(void *) &&
                sizeof(off_t) >= sizeof(size_t));
#ifdef __ANDROID_API__
  STATIC_ASSERT_MSG((sizeof(off_t) * 8 == MDBX_WORDBITS),
                    "The bitness of system `off_t` type is mismatch. Please "
                    "fix build and/or NDK configuration.");
#endif /* Android */
  mdbx_jitter4testing(true);
  assert(offset >= 0 && len > 0);
  assert((uint64_t)offset < (uint64_t)INT64_MAX &&
         (uint64_t)len < (uint64_t)INT64_MAX &&
         (uint64_t)(offset + len) > (uint64_t)offset);

  assert((uint64_t)offset < (uint64_t)OFF_T_MAX &&
         (uint64_t)len <= (uint64_t)OFF_T_MAX &&
         (uint64_t)(offset + len) <= (uint64_t)OFF_T_MAX);

  assert((uint64_t)((off_t)((uint64_t)offset + (uint64_t)len)) ==
         ((uint64_t)offset + (uint64_t)len));
  for (;;) {
    struct flock lock_op;
    STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(off_t) <= sizeof(lock_op.l_start) &&
                  sizeof(off_t) <= sizeof(lock_op.l_len) &&
                  OFF_T_MAX == (off_t)OFF_T_MAX);
    memset(&lock_op, 0, sizeof(lock_op));
    lock_op.l_type = lck;
    lock_op.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    lock_op.l_start = offset;
    lock_op.l_len = len;
    int rc = fcntl(fd, cmd, &lock_op);
    mdbx_jitter4testing(true);
    if (rc != -1) {
      if (cmd == op_getlk) {
        /* Checks reader by pid. Returns:
         *   MDBX_RESULT_TRUE   - if pid is live (reader holds a lock).
         *   MDBX_RESULT_FALSE  - if pid is dead (a lock could be placed). */
        return (lock_op.l_type == F_UNLCK) ? MDBX_RESULT_FALSE
                                           : MDBX_RESULT_TRUE;
      }
      return MDBX_SUCCESS;
    }
    rc = errno;
#if MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS
    if (rc == EINVAL &&
        (cmd == F_OFD_SETLK || cmd == F_OFD_SETLKW || cmd == F_OFD_GETLK)) {
      /* fallback to non-OFD locks */
      if (cmd == F_OFD_SETLK)
        cmd = F_SETLK;
      else if (cmd == F_OFD_SETLKW)
        cmd = F_SETLKW;
      else
        cmd = F_GETLK;
      op_setlk = F_SETLK;
      op_setlkw = F_SETLKW;
      op_getlk = F_GETLK;
      continue;
    }
#endif /* MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS */
    if (rc != EINTR || cmd == op_setlkw) {
      assert(MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
      return rc;
    }
  }
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_lockfile(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, bool wait) {
#if MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS
  if (unlikely(op_setlk == 0))
    choice_fcntl();
#endif /* MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS */
  return lck_op(fd, wait ? op_setlkw : op_setlk, F_WRLCK, 0, OFF_T_MAX);
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_rpid_set(MDBX_env *env) {
  assert(env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  assert(env->me_pid > 0);
  if (unlikely(mdbx_getpid() != env->me_pid))
    return MDBX_PANIC;
  return lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlk, F_WRLCK, env->me_pid, 1);
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_rpid_clear(MDBX_env *env) {
  assert(env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  assert(env->me_pid > 0);
  return lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlk, F_UNLCK, env->me_pid, 1);
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_rpid_check(MDBX_env *env, uint32_t pid) {
  assert(env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  assert(pid > 0);
  return lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_getlk, F_WRLCK, pid, 1);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if MDBX_LOCKING > MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_ipclock_stub(mdbx_ipclock_t *ipc) {
#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988
  return sem_init(ipc, false, 1) ? errno : 0;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001 ||                                \
    MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008
  return pthread_mutex_init(ipc, nullptr);
#else
#error "FIXME"
#endif
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_ipclock_destroy(mdbx_ipclock_t *ipc) {
#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988
  return sem_destroy(ipc) ? errno : 0;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001 ||                                \
    MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008
  return pthread_mutex_destroy(ipc);
#else
#error "FIXME"
#endif
}
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING > MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV */

static int check_fstat(MDBX_env *env) {
  struct stat st;

  int rc = MDBX_SUCCESS;
  if (fstat(env->me_lazy_fd, &st)) {
    rc = errno;
    mdbx_error("fstat(%s), err %d", "DXB", rc);
    return rc;
  }

  if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || st.st_nlink < 1) {
#ifdef EBADFD
    rc = EBADFD;
#else
    rc = EPERM;
#endif
    mdbx_error("%s %s, err %d", "DXB",
               (st.st_nlink < 1) ? "file was removed" : "not a regular file",
               rc);
    return rc;
  }

  if (st.st_size < (off_t)(MDBX_MIN_PAGESIZE * NUM_METAS)) {
    mdbx_verbose("dxb-file is too short (%u), exclusive-lock needed",
                 (unsigned)st.st_size);
    rc = MDBX_RESULT_TRUE;
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  if (fstat(env->me_lfd, &st)) {
    rc = errno;
    mdbx_error("fstat(%s), err %d", "LCK", rc);
    return rc;
  }

  if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || st.st_nlink < 1) {
#ifdef EBADFD
    rc = EBADFD;
#else
    rc = EPERM;
#endif
    mdbx_error("%s %s, err %d", "LCK",
               (st.st_nlink < 1) ? "file was removed" : "not a regular file",
               rc);
    return rc;
  }

  /* Checking file size for detect the situation when we got the shared lock
   * immediately after mdbx_lck_destroy(). */
  if (st.st_size < (off_t)(sizeof(MDBX_lockinfo) + sizeof(MDBX_reader))) {
    mdbx_verbose("lck-file is too short (%u), exclusive-lock needed",
                 (unsigned)st.st_size);
    rc = MDBX_RESULT_TRUE;
  }

  return rc;
}

__cold MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_lck_seize(MDBX_env *env) {
  assert(env->me_lazy_fd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  if (unlikely(mdbx_getpid() != env->me_pid))
    return MDBX_PANIC;
#if MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS
  if (unlikely(op_setlk == 0))
    choice_fcntl();
#endif /* MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS */

  int rc = MDBX_SUCCESS;
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)
  if (unlikely(mdbx_RunningOnWSL1)) {
    rc = ENOLCK /* No record locks available */;
    mdbx_error("%s, err %u",
               "WSL1 (Windows Subsystem for Linux) is mad and trouble-full, "
               "injecting failure to avoid data loss",
               rc);
    return rc;
  }
#endif /* Linux */

  if (env->me_lfd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    /* LY: without-lck mode (e.g. exclusive or on read-only filesystem) */
    rc =
        lck_op(env->me_lazy_fd, op_setlk,
               (env->me_flags & MDBX_RDONLY) ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK, 0, OFF_T_MAX);
    if (rc != MDBX_SUCCESS) {
      mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "without-lck", rc);
      mdbx_assert(env, MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
      return rc;
    }
    return MDBX_RESULT_TRUE /* Done: return with exclusive locking. */;
  }
#if defined(_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING) && _POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING > 0
  sched_yield();
#endif

retry:
  if (rc == MDBX_RESULT_TRUE) {
    rc = lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlk, F_UNLCK, 0, 1);
    if (rc != MDBX_SUCCESS) {
      mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "unlock-before-retry", rc);
      mdbx_assert(env, MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
      return rc;
    }
  }

  /* Firstly try to get exclusive locking.  */
  rc = lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlk, F_WRLCK, 0, 1);
  if (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS) {
    rc = check_fstat(env);
    if (MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc))
      return rc;

  continue_dxb_exclusive:
    rc =
        lck_op(env->me_lazy_fd, op_setlk,
               (env->me_flags & MDBX_RDONLY) ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK, 0, OFF_T_MAX);
    if (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS)
      return MDBX_RESULT_TRUE /* Done: return with exclusive locking. */;

    int err = check_fstat(env);
    if (MDBX_IS_ERROR(err))
      return err;

    /* the cause may be a collision with POSIX's file-lock recovery. */
    if (!(rc == EAGAIN || rc == EACCES || rc == EBUSY || rc == EWOULDBLOCK ||
          rc == EDEADLK)) {
      mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "dxb-exclusive", rc);
      mdbx_assert(env, MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
      return rc;
    }

    /* Fallback to lck-shared */
  } else if (!(rc == EAGAIN || rc == EACCES || rc == EBUSY ||
               rc == EWOULDBLOCK || rc == EDEADLK)) {
    mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "try-exclusive", rc);
    mdbx_assert(env, MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
    return rc;
  }

  /* Here could be one of two:
   *  - mdbx_lck_destroy() from the another process was hold the lock
   *    during a destruction.
   *  - either mdbx_lck_seize() from the another process was got the exclusive
   *    lock and doing initialization.
   * For distinguish these cases will use size of the lck-file later. */

  /* Wait for lck-shared now. */
  /* Here may be await during transient processes, for instance until another
   * competing process doesn't call lck_downgrade(). */
  rc = lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlkw, F_RDLCK, 0, 1);
  if (rc != MDBX_SUCCESS) {
    mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "try-shared", rc);
    mdbx_assert(env, MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
    return rc;
  }

  rc = check_fstat(env);
  if (rc == MDBX_RESULT_TRUE)
    goto retry;
  if (rc != MDBX_SUCCESS) {
    mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "lck_fstat", rc);
    return rc;
  }

  /* got shared, retry exclusive */
  rc = lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlk, F_WRLCK, 0, 1);
  if (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS)
    goto continue_dxb_exclusive;

  if (!(rc == EAGAIN || rc == EACCES || rc == EBUSY || rc == EWOULDBLOCK ||
        rc == EDEADLK)) {
    mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "try-exclusive", rc);
    mdbx_assert(env, MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
    return rc;
  }

  /* Lock against another process operating in without-lck or exclusive mode. */
  rc =
      lck_op(env->me_lazy_fd, op_setlk,
             (env->me_flags & MDBX_RDONLY) ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK, env->me_pid, 1);
  if (rc != MDBX_SUCCESS) {
    mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "lock-against-without-lck", rc);
    mdbx_assert(env, MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
    return rc;
  }

  /* Done: return with shared locking. */
  return MDBX_RESULT_FALSE;
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_lck_downgrade(MDBX_env *env) {
  assert(env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
  if (unlikely(mdbx_getpid() != env->me_pid))
    return MDBX_PANIC;

  int rc = MDBX_SUCCESS;
  if ((env->me_flags & MDBX_EXCLUSIVE) == 0) {
    rc = lck_op(env->me_lazy_fd, op_setlk, F_UNLCK, 0, env->me_pid);
    if (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS)
      rc = lck_op(env->me_lazy_fd, op_setlk, F_UNLCK, env->me_pid + 1,
                  OFF_T_MAX - env->me_pid - 1);
  }
  if (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS)
    rc = lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlk, F_RDLCK, 0, 1);
  if (unlikely(rc != 0)) {
    mdbx_error("%s, err %u", "lck", rc);
    assert(MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc));
  }
  return rc;
}

__cold MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_lck_destroy(MDBX_env *env,
                                               MDBX_env *inprocess_neighbor) {
  if (unlikely(mdbx_getpid() != env->me_pid))
    return MDBX_PANIC;

  int rc = MDBX_SUCCESS;
  struct stat lck_info;
  MDBX_lockinfo *lck = env->me_lck_mmap.lck;
  if (env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && !inprocess_neighbor && lck &&
      /* try get exclusive access */
      lck_op(env->me_lfd, op_setlk, F_WRLCK, 0, OFF_T_MAX) == 0 &&
      /* if LCK was not removed */
      fstat(env->me_lfd, &lck_info) == 0 && lck_info.st_nlink > 0 &&
      lck_op(env->me_lazy_fd, op_setlk,
             (env->me_flags & MDBX_RDONLY) ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK, 0,
             OFF_T_MAX) == 0) {

    mdbx_verbose("%p got exclusive, drown locks", (void *)env);
#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
    if (env->me_sysv_ipc.semid != -1)
      rc = semctl(env->me_sysv_ipc.semid, 2, IPC_RMID) ? errno : 0;
#else
    rc = mdbx_ipclock_destroy(&lck->mti_rlock);
    if (rc == 0)
      rc = mdbx_ipclock_destroy(&lck->mti_wlock);
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING */

    mdbx_assert(env, rc == 0);
    if (rc == 0) {
      const bool synced = lck->mti_unsynced_pages.weak == 0;
      mdbx_munmap(&env->me_lck_mmap);
      if (synced)
        rc = ftruncate(env->me_lfd, 0) ? errno : 0;
    }

    mdbx_jitter4testing(false);
  }

  /* 1) POSIX's fcntl() locks (i.e. when op_setlk == F_SETLK) should be restored
   * after file was closed.
   *
   * 2) File locks would be released (by kernel) while the file-descriptors will
   * be closed. But to avoid false-positive EACCESS and EDEADLK from the kernel,
   * locks should be released here explicitly with properly order. */

  /* close dxb and restore lock */
  if (env->me_dsync_fd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    if (unlikely(close(env->me_dsync_fd) != 0) && rc == MDBX_SUCCESS)
      rc = errno;
    env->me_dsync_fd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  }
  if (env->me_lazy_fd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    if (unlikely(close(env->me_lazy_fd) != 0) && rc == MDBX_SUCCESS)
      rc = errno;
    env->me_lazy_fd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    if (op_setlk == F_SETLK && inprocess_neighbor && rc == MDBX_SUCCESS) {
      /* restore file-lock */
      rc = lck_op(
          inprocess_neighbor->me_lazy_fd, F_SETLKW,
          (inprocess_neighbor->me_flags & MDBX_RDONLY) ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK,
          (inprocess_neighbor->me_flags & MDBX_EXCLUSIVE)
              ? 0
              : inprocess_neighbor->me_pid,
          (inprocess_neighbor->me_flags & MDBX_EXCLUSIVE) ? OFF_T_MAX : 1);
    }
  }

  /* close clk and restore locks */
  if (env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    if (unlikely(close(env->me_lfd) != 0) && rc == MDBX_SUCCESS)
      rc = errno;
    env->me_lfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    if (op_setlk == F_SETLK && inprocess_neighbor && rc == MDBX_SUCCESS) {
      /* restore file-locks */
      rc = lck_op(inprocess_neighbor->me_lfd, F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, 0, 1);
      if (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS && inprocess_neighbor->me_live_reader)
        rc = mdbx_rpid_set(inprocess_neighbor);
    }
  }

  if (inprocess_neighbor && rc != MDBX_SUCCESS)
    inprocess_neighbor->me_flags |= MDBX_FATAL_ERROR;
  return rc;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

__cold MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_lck_init(MDBX_env *env,
                                            MDBX_env *inprocess_neighbor,
                                            int global_uniqueness_flag) {
#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
  int semid = -1;
  /* don't initialize semaphores twice */
  (void)inprocess_neighbor;
  if (global_uniqueness_flag == MDBX_RESULT_TRUE) {
    struct stat st;
    if (fstat(env->me_lazy_fd, &st))
      return errno;
  sysv_retry_create:
    semid = semget(env->me_sysv_ipc.key, 2,
                   IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL |
                       (st.st_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)));
    if (unlikely(semid == -1)) {
      int err = errno;
      if (err != EEXIST)
        return err;

      /* remove and re-create semaphore set */
      semid = semget(env->me_sysv_ipc.key, 2, 0);
      if (semid == -1) {
        err = errno;
        if (err != ENOENT)
          return err;
        goto sysv_retry_create;
      }
      if (semctl(semid, 2, IPC_RMID)) {
        err = errno;
        if (err != EIDRM)
          return err;
      }
      goto sysv_retry_create;
    }

    unsigned short val_array[2] = {1, 1};
    if (semctl(semid, 2, SETALL, val_array))
      return errno;
  } else {
    semid = semget(env->me_sysv_ipc.key, 2, 0);
    if (semid == -1)
      return errno;

    /* check read & write access */
    struct semid_ds data[2];
    if (semctl(semid, 2, IPC_STAT, data) || semctl(semid, 2, IPC_SET, data))
      return errno;
  }

  env->me_sysv_ipc.semid = semid;
  return MDBX_SUCCESS;

#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_FUTEX
  (void)inprocess_neighbor;
  if (global_uniqueness_flag != MDBX_RESULT_TRUE)
    return MDBX_SUCCESS;
#error "FIXME: Not implemented"
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988

  /* don't initialize semaphores twice */
  (void)inprocess_neighbor;
  if (global_uniqueness_flag == MDBX_RESULT_TRUE) {
    if (sem_init(&env->me_lck_mmap.lck->mti_rlock, true, 1))
      return errno;
    if (sem_init(&env->me_lck_mmap.lck->mti_wlock, true, 1))
      return errno;
  }
  return MDBX_SUCCESS;

#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001 ||                                \
    MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008
  if (inprocess_neighbor)
    return MDBX_SUCCESS /* don't need any initialization for mutexes
      if LCK already opened/used inside current process */
        ;

    /* FIXME: Unfortunately, there is no other reliable way but to long testing
     * on each platform. On the other hand, behavior like FreeBSD is incorrect
     * and we can expect it to be rare. Moreover, even on FreeBSD without
     * additional in-process initialization, the probability of an problem
     * occurring is vanishingly small, and the symptom is a return of EINVAL
     * while locking a mutex. In other words, in the worst case, the problem
     * results in an EINVAL error at the start of the transaction, but NOT data
     * loss, nor database corruption, nor other fatal troubles. Thus, the code
     * below I am inclined to think the workaround for erroneous platforms (like
     * FreeBSD), rather than a defect of libmdbx. */
#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
  /* seems that shared mutexes on FreeBSD required in-process initialization */
  (void)global_uniqueness_flag;
#else
  /* shared mutexes on many other platforms (including Darwin and Linux's
   * futexes) doesn't need any addition in-process initialization */
  if (global_uniqueness_flag != MDBX_RESULT_TRUE)
    return MDBX_SUCCESS;
#endif

  pthread_mutexattr_t ma;
  int rc = pthread_mutexattr_init(&ma);
  if (rc)
    return rc;

  rc = pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&ma, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
  if (rc)
    goto bailout;

#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008
#if defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST) || defined(pthread_mutexattr_setrobust)
  rc = pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&ma, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST);
#elif defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP) ||                                      \
    defined(pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np)
  rc = pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np(&ma, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP);
#elif _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED < 200809L
  rc = pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np(&ma, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP);
#else
  rc = pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&ma, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST);
#endif
  if (rc)
    goto bailout;
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008 */

#if defined(_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT) && _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT >= 0 &&  \
    !defined(MDBX_SAFE4QEMU)
  rc = pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(&ma, PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT);
  if (rc == ENOTSUP)
    rc = pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(&ma, PTHREAD_PRIO_NONE);
  if (rc && rc != ENOTSUP)
    goto bailout;
#endif /* PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT */

  rc = pthread_mutexattr_settype(&ma, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK);
  if (rc && rc != ENOTSUP)
    goto bailout;

  rc = pthread_mutex_init(&env->me_lck_mmap.lck->mti_rlock, &ma);
  if (rc)
    goto bailout;
  rc = pthread_mutex_init(&env->me_lck_mmap.lck->mti_wlock, &ma);

bailout:
  pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&ma);
  return rc;
#else
#error "FIXME"
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING > 0 */
}

__cold static int mdbx_ipclock_failed(MDBX_env *env, mdbx_ipclock_t *ipc,
                                      const int err) {
  int rc = err;
#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008 || MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
  if (err == EOWNERDEAD) {
    /* We own the mutex. Clean up after dead previous owner. */

    const bool rlocked = ipc == &env->me_lck->mti_rlock;
    rc = MDBX_SUCCESS;
    if (!rlocked) {
      if (unlikely(env->me_txn)) {
        /* env is hosed if the dead thread was ours */
        env->me_flags |= MDBX_FATAL_ERROR;
        env->me_txn = NULL;
        rc = MDBX_PANIC;
      }
    }
    mdbx_warning("%clock owner died, %s", (rlocked ? 'r' : 'w'),
                 (rc ? "this process' env is hosed" : "recovering"));

    int check_rc = mdbx_cleanup_dead_readers(env, rlocked, NULL);
    check_rc = (check_rc == MDBX_SUCCESS) ? MDBX_RESULT_TRUE : check_rc;

#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
    rc = (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS) ? check_rc : rc;
#else
#if defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST) || defined(pthread_mutex_consistent)
    int mreco_rc = pthread_mutex_consistent(ipc);
#elif defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP) || defined(pthread_mutex_consistent_np)
    int mreco_rc = pthread_mutex_consistent_np(ipc);
#elif _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED < 200809L
    int mreco_rc = pthread_mutex_consistent_np(ipc);
#else
    int mreco_rc = pthread_mutex_consistent(ipc);
#endif
    check_rc = (mreco_rc == 0) ? check_rc : mreco_rc;

    if (unlikely(mreco_rc))
      mdbx_error("lock recovery failed, %s", mdbx_strerror(mreco_rc));

    rc = (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS) ? check_rc : rc;
    if (MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc))
      pthread_mutex_unlock(ipc);
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008 */
    return rc;
  }
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001
  (void)ipc;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988
  (void)ipc;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_FUTEX
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma message("warning: TODO")
#else
#warning "TODO"
#endif
  (void)ipc;
#else
#error "FIXME"
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING */

  mdbx_error("mutex (un)lock failed, %s", mdbx_strerror(err));
  if (rc != EDEADLK)
    env->me_flags |= MDBX_FATAL_ERROR;
  return rc;
}

#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) || defined(ANDROID) || defined(BIONIC)
MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_check_tid4bionic(void) {
  /* avoid 32-bit Bionic bug/hang with 32-pit TID */
  if (sizeof(pthread_mutex_t) < sizeof(pid_t) + sizeof(unsigned)) {
    pid_t tid = gettid();
    if (unlikely(tid > 0xffff)) {
      mdbx_fatal("Raise the ENOSYS(%d) error to avoid hang due "
                 "the 32-bit Bionic/Android bug with tid/thread_id 0x%08x(%i) "
                 "that don’t fit in 16 bits, see "
                 "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/"
                 "docs/32-bit-abi.md#is-too-small-for-large-pids",
                 ENOSYS, tid, tid);
      return ENOSYS;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ || ANDROID) || BIONIC */

static int mdbx_ipclock_lock(MDBX_env *env, mdbx_ipclock_t *ipc,
                             const bool dont_wait) {
#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001 ||                                  \
    MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008
  int rc = mdbx_check_tid4bionic();
  if (likely(rc == 0))
    rc = dont_wait ? pthread_mutex_trylock(ipc) : pthread_mutex_lock(ipc);
  rc = (rc == EBUSY && dont_wait) ? MDBX_BUSY : rc;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988
  int rc = MDBX_SUCCESS;
  if (dont_wait) {
    if (sem_trywait(ipc)) {
      rc = errno;
      if (rc == EAGAIN)
        rc = MDBX_BUSY;
    }
  } else if (sem_wait(ipc))
    rc = errno;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
  struct sembuf op = {.sem_num = (ipc != &env->me_lck->mti_wlock),
                      .sem_op = -1,
                      .sem_flg = dont_wait ? IPC_NOWAIT | SEM_UNDO : SEM_UNDO};
  int rc;
  if (semop(env->me_sysv_ipc.semid, &op, 1)) {
    rc = errno;
    if (dont_wait && rc == EAGAIN)
      rc = MDBX_BUSY;
  } else {
    rc = *ipc ? EOWNERDEAD : MDBX_SUCCESS;
    *ipc = env->me_pid;
  }
#else
#error "FIXME"
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING */

  if (unlikely(rc != MDBX_SUCCESS && rc != MDBX_BUSY))
    rc = mdbx_ipclock_failed(env, ipc, rc);
  return rc;
}

static int mdbx_ipclock_unlock(MDBX_env *env, mdbx_ipclock_t *ipc) {
#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001 ||                                  \
    MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008
  int rc = pthread_mutex_unlock(ipc);
  (void)env;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988
  int rc = sem_post(ipc) ? errno : MDBX_SUCCESS;
  (void)env;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
  if (unlikely(*ipc != (pid_t)env->me_pid))
    return EPERM;
  *ipc = 0;
  struct sembuf op = {.sem_num = (ipc != &env->me_lck->mti_wlock),
                      .sem_op = 1,
                      .sem_flg = SEM_UNDO};
  int rc = semop(env->me_sysv_ipc.semid, &op, 1) ? errno : MDBX_SUCCESS;
#else
#error "FIXME"
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING */
  return rc;
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC int mdbx_rdt_lock(MDBX_env *env) {
  mdbx_trace("%s", ">>");
  mdbx_jitter4testing(true);
  int rc = mdbx_ipclock_lock(env, &env->me_lck->mti_rlock, false);
  mdbx_trace("<< rc %d", rc);
  return rc;
}

MDBX_INTERNAL_FUNC void mdbx_rdt_unlock(MDBX_env *env) {
  mdbx_trace("%s", ">>");
  int rc = mdbx_ipclock_unlock(env, &env->me_lck->mti_rlock);
  mdbx_trace("<< rc %d", rc);
  if (unlikely(rc != MDBX_SUCCESS))
    mdbx_panic("%s() failed: err %d\n", __func__, rc);
  mdbx_jitter4testing(true);
}

int mdbx_txn_lock(MDBX_env *env, bool dont_wait) {
  mdbx_trace("%swait %s", dont_wait ? "dont-" : "", ">>");
  mdbx_jitter4testing(true);
  int rc = mdbx_ipclock_lock(env, &env->me_lck->mti_wlock, dont_wait);
  mdbx_trace("<< rc %d", rc);
  return MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc) ? rc : MDBX_SUCCESS;
}

void mdbx_txn_unlock(MDBX_env *env) {
  mdbx_trace("%s", ">>");
  int rc = mdbx_ipclock_unlock(env, &env->me_lck->mti_wlock);
  mdbx_trace("<< rc %d", rc);
  if (unlikely(rc != MDBX_SUCCESS))
    mdbx_panic("%s() failed: err %d\n", __func__, rc);
  mdbx_jitter4testing(true);
}

#else
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(disable : 4206) /* nonstandard extension used: translation     \
                                   unit is empty */
#endif                          /* _MSC_VER (warnings) */
#endif                          /* !Windows LCK-implementation */