libmdbx/src/tools/mdbx_chk.c

/* mdbx_chk.c - memory-mapped database check tool */

/*
 * Copyright 2015-2017 Leonid Yuriev <leo@yuriev.ru>
 * and other libmdbx authors: please see AUTHORS file.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
 * Public License.
 *
 * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
 * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
 * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>. */

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "../../mdbx.h"
#include "../bits.h"

typedef struct flagbit {
  int bit;
  char *name;
} flagbit;

flagbit dbflags[] = {{MDBX_DUPSORT, "dupsort"},
                     {MDBX_INTEGERKEY, "integerkey"},
                     {MDBX_REVERSEKEY, "reversekey"},
                     {MDBX_DUPFIXED, "dupfixed"},
                     {MDBX_REVERSEDUP, "reversedup"},
                     {MDBX_INTEGERDUP, "integerdup"},
                     {0, NULL}};

static volatile sig_atomic_t gotsignal;

static void signal_handler(int sig) {
  (void)sig;
  gotsignal = 1;
}

#define MAX_DBI 32768

#define EXIT_INTERRUPTED (EXIT_FAILURE + 4)
#define EXIT_FAILURE_SYS (EXIT_FAILURE + 3)
#define EXIT_FAILURE_MDB (EXIT_FAILURE + 2)
#define EXIT_FAILURE_CHECK_MAJOR (EXIT_FAILURE + 1)
#define EXIT_FAILURE_CHECK_MINOR EXIT_FAILURE

struct {
  const char *dbi_names[MAX_DBI];
  uint64_t dbi_pages[MAX_DBI];
  uint64_t dbi_empty_pages[MAX_DBI];
  uint64_t dbi_payload_bytes[MAX_DBI];
  uint64_t dbi_lost_bytes[MAX_DBI];
  short *pagemap;
  uint64_t total_payload_bytes;
  uint64_t pgcount;
} walk;

static __attribute__((constructor)) void init_walk(void) {
  walk.dbi_names[0] = "@gc";
}

uint64_t total_unused_bytes;
int exclusive = 2;

MDBX_env *env;
MDBX_txn *txn, *locktxn;
MDBX_envinfo envinfo;
MDBX_stat envstat;
size_t maxkeysize, userdb_count, skipped_subdb;
uint64_t reclaimable_pages, freedb_pages, lastpgno;
unsigned verbose, quiet;
const char *only_subdb;

struct problem {
  struct problem *pr_next;
  uint64_t count;
  const char *caption;
};

struct problem *problems_list;
uint64_t total_problems;

static void __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) print(const char *msg, ...) {
  if (!quiet) {
    va_list args;

    fflush(stderr);
    va_start(args, msg);
    vfprintf(stdout, msg, args);
    va_end(args);
  }
}

static void __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) error(const char *msg, ...) {
  total_problems++;

  if (!quiet) {
    va_list args;

    fflush(stdout);
    va_start(args, msg);
    vfprintf(stderr, msg, args);
    va_end(args);
    fflush(NULL);
  }
}

static void pagemap_cleanup(void) {
  int i;

  for (i = 1; i < MAX_DBI; ++i) {
    if (walk.dbi_names[i]) {
      free((void *)walk.dbi_names[i]);
      walk.dbi_names[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  free(walk.pagemap);
  walk.pagemap = NULL;
}

static int pagemap_lookup_dbi(const char *dbi) {
  static int last;
  int i;

  if (last > 0 && strcmp(walk.dbi_names[last], dbi) == 0)
    return last;

  for (i = 1; walk.dbi_names[i] && last < MAX_DBI; ++i)
    if (strcmp(walk.dbi_names[i], dbi) == 0)
      return last = i;

  if (i == MAX_DBI)
    return -1;

  walk.dbi_names[i] = strdup(dbi);

  if (verbose > 1) {
    print(" - found '%s' area\n", dbi);
    fflush(NULL);
  }

  return last = i;
}

static void problem_add(const char *object, uint64_t entry_number,
                        const char *msg, const char *extra, ...) {
  total_problems++;

  if (!quiet) {
    int need_fflush = 0;
    struct problem *p;

    for (p = problems_list; p; p = p->pr_next)
      if (p->caption == msg)
        break;

    if (!p) {
      p = calloc(1, sizeof(*p));
      p->caption = msg;
      p->pr_next = problems_list;
      problems_list = p;
      need_fflush = 1;
    }

    p->count++;
    if (verbose > 1) {
      print("     %s #%" PRIu64 ": %s", object, entry_number, msg);
      if (extra) {
        va_list args;
        printf(" (");
        va_start(args, extra);
        vfprintf(stdout, extra, args);
        va_end(args);
        printf(")");
      }
      printf("\n");
      if (need_fflush)
        fflush(NULL);
    }
  }
}

static struct problem *problems_push() {
  struct problem *p = problems_list;
  problems_list = NULL;
  return p;
}

static uint64_t problems_pop(struct problem *list) {
  uint64_t count = 0;

  if (problems_list) {
    int i;

    print(" - problems: ");
    for (i = 0; problems_list; ++i) {
      struct problem *p = problems_list->pr_next;
      count += problems_list->count;
      print("%s%s (%" PRIu64 ")", i ? ", " : "", problems_list->caption,
            problems_list->count);
      free(problems_list);
      problems_list = p;
    }
    print("\n");
    fflush(NULL);
  }

  problems_list = list;
  return count;
}

static int pgvisitor(uint64_t pgno, unsigned pgnumber, void *ctx,
                     const char *dbi, const char *type, int nentries,
                     int payload_bytes, int header_bytes, int unused_bytes) {
  (void)ctx;

  if (type) {
    uint64_t page_bytes = payload_bytes + header_bytes + unused_bytes;
    uint64_t page_size = pgnumber * envstat.ms_psize;
    int index = pagemap_lookup_dbi(dbi);
    if (index < 0)
      return ENOMEM;

    if (verbose > 2 && (!only_subdb || strcmp(only_subdb, dbi) == 0)) {
      if (pgnumber == 1)
        print("     %s-page %" PRIu64, type, pgno);
      else
        print("     %s-span %" PRIu64 "[%u]", type, pgno, pgnumber);
      print(" of %s: header %i, payload %i, unused %i\n", dbi, header_bytes,
            payload_bytes, unused_bytes);
    }

    walk.pgcount += pgnumber;

    if (unused_bytes < 0 || (size_t)unused_bytes > page_size)
      problem_add("page", pgno, "illegal unused-bytes", "%u < %i < %u", 0,
                  unused_bytes, envstat.ms_psize);

    if (header_bytes < (int)sizeof(long) ||
        (size_t)header_bytes >= envstat.ms_psize - sizeof(long))
      problem_add("page", pgno, "illegal header-length",
                  "%" PRIuPTR " < %i < %" PRIuPTR "", sizeof(long),
                  header_bytes, envstat.ms_psize - sizeof(long));
    if (payload_bytes < 1) {
      if (nentries > 1) {
        problem_add("page", pgno, "zero size-of-entry",
                    "payload %i bytes, %i entries", payload_bytes, nentries);
        if ((size_t)header_bytes + unused_bytes < page_size) {
          /* LY: hush a misuse error */
          page_bytes = page_size;
        }
      } else {
        problem_add("page", pgno, "empty", "payload %i bytes, %i entries",
                    payload_bytes, nentries);
        walk.dbi_empty_pages[index] += 1;
      }
    }

    if (page_bytes != page_size) {
      problem_add("page", pgno, "misused",
                  "%" PRIu64 " != %" PRIu64 " (%ih + %ip + %iu)", page_size,
                  page_bytes, header_bytes, payload_bytes, unused_bytes);
      if (page_size > page_bytes)
        walk.dbi_lost_bytes[index] += page_size - page_bytes;
    } else {
      walk.dbi_payload_bytes[index] += payload_bytes + header_bytes;
      walk.total_payload_bytes += payload_bytes + header_bytes;
    }

    if (pgnumber) {
      do {
        if (pgno >= lastpgno)
          problem_add("page", pgno, "wrong page-no",
                      "%" PRIu64 " > %" PRIu64 "", pgno, lastpgno);
        else if (walk.pagemap[pgno])
          problem_add("page", pgno, "already used", "in %s",
                      walk.dbi_names[walk.pagemap[pgno]]);
        else {
          walk.pagemap[pgno] = index;
          walk.dbi_pages[index] += 1;
        }
        ++pgno;
      } while (--pgnumber);
    }
  }

  return gotsignal ? EINTR : MDBX_SUCCESS;
}

typedef int(visitor)(const uint64_t record_number, const MDBX_val *key,
                     const MDBX_val *data);
static int process_db(MDBX_dbi dbi, char *name, visitor *handler, int silent);

static int handle_userdb(const uint64_t record_number, const MDBX_val *key,
                         const MDBX_val *data) {
  (void)record_number;
  (void)key;
  (void)data;
  return MDBX_SUCCESS;
}

static int handle_freedb(const uint64_t record_number, const MDBX_val *key,
                         const MDBX_val *data) {
  char *bad = "";
  pgno_t pg, prev;
  int i, number, span = 0;
  pgno_t *iptr = data->iov_base;
  txnid_t txnid = *(txnid_t *)key->iov_base;

  if (key->iov_len != sizeof(txnid_t))
    problem_add("entry", record_number, "wrong txn-id size",
                "key-size %" PRIiPTR "", key->iov_len);
  else if (txnid < 1 || txnid > envinfo.me_last_txnid)
    problem_add("entry", record_number, "wrong txn-id", "%" PRIaTXN "", txnid);

  if (data->iov_len < sizeof(pgno_t) || data->iov_len % sizeof(pgno_t))
    problem_add("entry", record_number, "wrong idl size", "%" PRIuPTR "",
                data->iov_len);
  else {
    number = *iptr++;
    if (number >= MDBX_IDL_UM_MAX)
      problem_add("entry", record_number, "wrong idl length", "%" PRIiPTR "",
                  number);
    else if ((number + 1) * sizeof(pgno_t) != data->iov_len)
      problem_add("entry", record_number, "mismatch idl length",
                  "%" PRIiPTR " != %" PRIuPTR "", (number + 1) * sizeof(pgno_t),
                  data->iov_len);
    else {
      freedb_pages += number;
      if (envinfo.me_tail_txnid > txnid)
        reclaimable_pages += number;
      for (i = number, prev = 1; --i >= 0;) {
        pg = iptr[i];
        if (pg < NUM_METAS || pg > envinfo.me_last_pgno)
          problem_add("entry", record_number, "wrong idl entry",
                      "%u < %" PRIiPTR " < %" PRIiPTR "", NUM_METAS, pg,
                      envinfo.me_last_pgno);
        else if (pg <= prev) {
          bad = " [bad sequence]";
          problem_add("entry", record_number, "bad sequence",
                      "%" PRIiPTR " <= %" PRIiPTR "", pg, prev);
        }
        prev = pg;
        pg += span;
        for (; i >= span && iptr[i - span] == pg; span++, pg++)
          ;
      }
      if (verbose > 2 && !only_subdb) {
        print("     transaction %" PRIaTXN ", %u pages, maxspan %i%s\n", txnid,
              number, span, bad);
        if (verbose > 3) {
          int j = number - 1;
          while (j >= 0) {
            pg = iptr[j];
            for (span = 1; --j >= 0 && iptr[j] == pg + span; span++)
              ;
            if (span > 1)
              print("    %9" PRIaPGNO "[%i]\n", pg, span);
            else
              print("    %9" PRIaPGNO "\n", pg);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return MDBX_SUCCESS;
}

static int handle_maindb(const uint64_t record_number, const MDBX_val *key,
                         const MDBX_val *data) {
  char *name;
  int rc;
  size_t i;

  name = key->iov_base;
  for (i = 0; i < key->iov_len; ++i) {
    if (name[i] < ' ')
      return handle_userdb(record_number, key, data);
  }

  name = malloc(key->iov_len + 1);
  memcpy(name, key->iov_base, key->iov_len);
  name[key->iov_len] = '\0';
  userdb_count++;

  rc = process_db(-1, name, handle_userdb, 0);
  free(name);
  if (rc != MDBX_INCOMPATIBLE)
    return rc;

  return handle_userdb(record_number, key, data);
}

static int process_db(MDBX_dbi dbi, char *name, visitor *handler, int silent) {
  MDBX_cursor *mc;
  MDBX_stat ms;
  MDBX_val key, data;
  MDBX_val prev_key, prev_data;
  unsigned flags;
  int rc, i;
  struct problem *saved_list;
  uint64_t problems_count;

  uint64_t record_count = 0, dups = 0;
  uint64_t key_bytes = 0, data_bytes = 0;

  if (0 > (int)dbi) {
    rc = mdbx_dbi_open(txn, name, 0, &dbi);
    if (rc) {
      if (!name ||
          rc !=
              MDBX_INCOMPATIBLE) /* LY: mainDB's record is not a user's DB. */ {
        error(" - mdbx_open '%s' failed, error %d %s\n", name ? name : "main",
              rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
      }
      return rc;
    }
  }

  if (dbi >= 2 /* CORE_DBS */ && name && only_subdb &&
      strcmp(only_subdb, name)) {
    if (verbose) {
      print("Skip processing '%s'...\n", name);
      fflush(NULL);
    }
    skipped_subdb++;
    return MDBX_SUCCESS;
  }

  if (!silent && verbose) {
    print("Processing '%s'...\n", name ? name : "main");
    fflush(NULL);
  }

  rc = mdbx_dbi_flags(txn, dbi, &flags);
  if (rc) {
    error(" - mdbx_dbi_flags failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    return rc;
  }

  rc = mdbx_dbi_stat(txn, dbi, &ms, sizeof(ms));
  if (rc) {
    error(" - mdbx_dbi_stat failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    return rc;
  }

  if (!silent && verbose) {
    print(" - dbi-id %d, flags:", dbi);
    if (!flags)
      print(" none");
    else {
      for (i = 0; dbflags[i].bit; i++)
        if (flags & dbflags[i].bit)
          print(" %s", dbflags[i].name);
    }
    print(" (0x%02X)\n", flags);
    if (verbose > 1) {
      print(" - page size %u, entries %" PRIu64 "\n", ms.ms_psize,
            ms.ms_entries);
      print(" - b-tree depth %u, pages: branch %" PRIu64 ", leaf %" PRIu64
            ", overflow %" PRIu64 "\n",
            ms.ms_depth, ms.ms_branch_pages, ms.ms_leaf_pages,
            ms.ms_overflow_pages);
    }
  }

  rc = mdbx_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &mc);
  if (rc) {
    error(" - mdbx_cursor_open failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    return rc;
  }

  saved_list = problems_push();
  prev_key.iov_base = NULL;
  prev_data.iov_len = 0;
  rc = mdbx_cursor_get(mc, &key, &data, MDBX_FIRST);
  while (rc == MDBX_SUCCESS) {
    if (gotsignal) {
      print(" - interrupted by signal\n");
      fflush(NULL);
      rc = EINTR;
      goto bailout;
    }

    if (key.iov_len > maxkeysize) {
      problem_add("entry", record_count, "key length exceeds max-key-size",
                  "%" PRIuPTR " > %u", key.iov_len, maxkeysize);
    } else if ((flags & MDBX_INTEGERKEY) && key.iov_len != sizeof(uint64_t) &&
               key.iov_len != sizeof(uint32_t)) {
      problem_add("entry", record_count, "wrong key length",
                  "%" PRIuPTR " != 4or8", key.iov_len);
    }

    if ((flags & MDBX_INTEGERDUP) && data.iov_len != sizeof(uint64_t) &&
        data.iov_len != sizeof(uint32_t)) {
      problem_add("entry", record_count, "wrong data length",
                  "%" PRIuPTR " != 4or8", data.iov_len);
    }

    if (prev_key.iov_base) {
      if ((flags & MDBX_DUPFIXED) && prev_data.iov_len != data.iov_len) {
        problem_add("entry", record_count, "different data length",
                    "%" PRIuPTR " != %" PRIuPTR "", prev_data.iov_len,
                    data.iov_len);
      }

      int cmp = mdbx_cmp(txn, dbi, &prev_key, &key);
      if (cmp > 0) {
        problem_add("entry", record_count, "broken ordering of entries", NULL);
      } else if (cmp == 0) {
        ++dups;
        if (!(flags & MDBX_DUPSORT))
          problem_add("entry", record_count, "duplicated entries", NULL);
        else if (flags & MDBX_INTEGERDUP) {
          cmp = mdbx_dcmp(txn, dbi, &prev_data, &data);
          if (cmp > 0)
            problem_add("entry", record_count,
                        "broken ordering of multi-values", NULL);
        }
      }
    } else if (verbose) {
      if (flags & MDBX_INTEGERKEY)
        print(" - fixed key-size %" PRIuPTR "\n", key.iov_len);
      if (flags & (MDBX_INTEGERDUP | MDBX_DUPFIXED))
        print(" - fixed data-size %" PRIuPTR "\n", data.iov_len);
    }

    if (handler) {
      rc = handler(record_count, &key, &data);
      if (rc)
        goto bailout;
    }

    record_count++;
    key_bytes += key.iov_len;
    data_bytes += data.iov_len;

    prev_key = key;
    prev_data = data;
    rc = mdbx_cursor_get(mc, &key, &data, MDBX_NEXT);
  }
  if (rc != MDBX_NOTFOUND)
    error(" - mdbx_cursor_get failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
  else
    rc = 0;

  if (record_count != ms.ms_entries)
    problem_add("entry", record_count, "differentent number of entries",
                "%" PRIuPTR " != %" PRIuPTR "", record_count, ms.ms_entries);
bailout:
  problems_count = problems_pop(saved_list);
  if (!silent && verbose) {
    print(" - summary: %" PRIu64 " records, %" PRIu64 " dups, %" PRIu64
          " key's bytes, %" PRIu64 " data's "
          "bytes, %" PRIu64 " problems\n",
          record_count, dups, key_bytes, data_bytes, problems_count);
    fflush(NULL);
  }

  mdbx_cursor_close(mc);
  return rc || problems_count;
}

static void usage(char *prog) {
  fprintf(stderr,
          "usage: %s dbpath [-V] [-v] [-n] [-q] [-w] [-c] [-d] [-s subdb]\n"
          "  -V\t\tshow version\n"
          "  -v\t\tmore verbose, could be used multiple times\n"
          "  -n\t\tNOSUBDIR mode for open\n"
          "  -q\t\tbe quiet\n"
          "  -w\t\tlock DB for writing while checking\n"
          "  -d\t\tdisable page-by-page traversal of b-tree\n"
          "  -s subdb\tprocess a specific subdatabase only\n"
          "  -c\t\tforce cooperative mode (don't try exclusive)\n",
          prog);
  exit(EXIT_INTERRUPTED);
}

const char *meta_synctype(uint64_t sign) {
  switch (sign) {
  case 0:
    return "no-sync/legacy";
  case 1:
    return "weak";
  default:
    return "steady";
  }
}

int meta_lt(txnid_t txn1, uint64_t sign1, txnid_t txn2, uint64_t sign2) {
  return (SIGN_IS_STEADY(sign1) == SIGN_IS_STEADY(sign2))
             ? txn1 < txn2
             : txn2 && SIGN_IS_STEADY(sign2);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int i, rc;
  char *prog = argv[0];
  char *envname;
  int envflags = MDBX_RDONLY;
  int problems_maindb = 0, problems_freedb = 0, problems_meta = 0;
  int dont_traversal = 0;
  struct timespec timestamp_start, timestamp_finish;
  double elapsed;

  atexit(pagemap_cleanup);

  if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &timestamp_start)) {
    rc = errno;
    error("clock_gettime failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    return EXIT_FAILURE_SYS;
  }

  if (argc < 2) {
    usage(prog);
  }

  while ((i = getopt(argc, argv, "Vvqnwcds:")) != EOF) {
    switch (i) {
    case 'V':
      printf("%s (%s, build %s)\n", mdbx_version.git.describe,
             mdbx_version.git.datetime, mdbx_build.datetime);
      exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
      break;
    case 'v':
      verbose++;
      break;
    case 'q':
      quiet = 1;
      break;
    case 'n':
      envflags |= MDBX_NOSUBDIR;
      break;
    case 'w':
      envflags &= ~MDBX_RDONLY;
      break;
    case 'c':
      exclusive = 0;
      break;
    case 'd':
      dont_traversal = 1;
      break;
    case 's':
      if (only_subdb && strcmp(only_subdb, optarg))
        usage(prog);
      only_subdb = optarg;
      break;
    default:
      usage(prog);
    }
  }

  if (optind != argc - 1)
    usage(prog);

#ifdef SIGPIPE
  signal(SIGPIPE, signal_handler);
#endif
#ifdef SIGHUP
  signal(SIGHUP, signal_handler);
#endif
  signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
  signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);

  envname = argv[optind];
  print("Running mdbx_chk for '%s' in %s mode...\n", envname,
        (envflags & MDBX_RDONLY) ? "read-only" : "write-lock");
  fflush(NULL);

  rc = mdbx_env_create(&env);
  if (rc) {
    error("mdbx_env_create failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    return rc < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE_MDB : EXIT_FAILURE_SYS;
  }

  rc = mdbx_env_set_maxdbs(env, MAX_DBI);
  if (rc < 0) {
    error("mdbx_env_set_maxdbs failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    goto bailout;
  }

  rc = mdbx_env_open_ex(env, envname, envflags, 0664, &exclusive);
  if (rc) {
    error("mdbx_env_open failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    if (rc == MDBX_WANNA_RECOVERY && (envflags & MDBX_RDONLY))
      print("Please run %s in the read-write mode (with '-w' option).\n", prog);
    goto bailout;
  }
  if (verbose)
    print(" - %s mode\n", exclusive ? "monopolistic" : "cooperative");

  if (!(envflags & MDBX_RDONLY)) {
    rc = mdbx_txn_begin(env, NULL, 0, &locktxn);
    if (rc) {
      error("mdbx_txn_begin(lock-write) failed, error %d %s\n", rc,
            mdbx_strerror(rc));
      goto bailout;
    }
  }

  rc = mdbx_env_get_maxkeysize(env);
  if (rc < 0) {
    error("mdbx_env_get_maxkeysize failed, error %d %s\n", rc,
          mdbx_strerror(rc));
    goto bailout;
  }
  maxkeysize = rc;

  rc = mdbx_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDBX_RDONLY, &txn);
  if (rc) {
    error("mdbx_txn_begin(read-only) failed, error %d %s\n", rc,
          mdbx_strerror(rc));
    goto bailout;
  }

  rc = mdbx_env_info(env, &envinfo, sizeof(envinfo));
  if (rc) {
    error("mdbx_env_info failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    goto bailout;
  }

  rc = mdbx_env_stat(env, &envstat, sizeof(envstat));
  if (rc) {
    error("mdbx_env_stat failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    goto bailout;
  }

  lastpgno = envinfo.me_last_pgno + 1;
  errno = 0;

  if (verbose) {
    double k = 1024.0;
    const char sf[] =
        "KMGTPEZY"; /* LY: Kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera, Peta, Exa, Zetta, Yotta! */
    for (i = 0; sf[i + 1] && envinfo.me_mapsize / k > 1000.0; ++i)
      k *= 1024;
    print(" - map size %" PRIu64 " (%.2f %cb)\n", envinfo.me_mapsize,
          envinfo.me_mapsize / k, sf[i]);
    if (envinfo.me_mapaddr)
      print(" - mapaddr %p\n", envinfo.me_mapaddr);
    print(" - pagesize %u, max keysize %" PRIuPTR ", max readers %u\n",
          envstat.ms_psize, maxkeysize, envinfo.me_maxreaders);
    print(" - transactions: last %" PRIu64 ", bottom %" PRIu64
          ", lag reading %" PRIi64 "\n",
          envinfo.me_last_txnid, envinfo.me_tail_txnid,
          envinfo.me_last_txnid - envinfo.me_tail_txnid);

    print(" - meta-1: %s %" PRIu64 ", %s", meta_synctype(envinfo.me_meta1_sign),
          envinfo.me_meta1_txnid,
          meta_lt(envinfo.me_meta1_txnid, envinfo.me_meta1_sign,
                  envinfo.me_meta2_txnid, envinfo.me_meta2_sign)
              ? "tail"
              : "head");
    if (envinfo.me_meta1_txnid > envinfo.me_last_txnid)
      print(", rolled-back %" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu64 " >>> %" PRIu64 ")",
            envinfo.me_meta1_txnid - envinfo.me_last_txnid,
            envinfo.me_meta1_txnid, envinfo.me_last_txnid);
    print("\n");

    print(" - meta-2: %s %" PRIu64 ", %s", meta_synctype(envinfo.me_meta2_sign),
          envinfo.me_meta2_txnid,
          meta_lt(envinfo.me_meta2_txnid, envinfo.me_meta2_sign,
                  envinfo.me_meta1_txnid, envinfo.me_meta1_sign)
              ? "tail"
              : "head");
    if (envinfo.me_meta2_txnid > envinfo.me_last_txnid)
      print(", rolled-back %" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu64 " >>> %" PRIu64 ")",
            envinfo.me_meta2_txnid - envinfo.me_last_txnid,
            envinfo.me_meta2_txnid, envinfo.me_last_txnid);
    print("\n");
  }

  if (exclusive > 1) {
    if (verbose)
      print(" - perform full check last-txn-id with meta-pages\n");

    if (!meta_lt(envinfo.me_meta1_txnid, envinfo.me_meta1_sign,
                 envinfo.me_meta2_txnid, envinfo.me_meta2_sign) &&
        envinfo.me_meta1_txnid != envinfo.me_last_txnid) {
      print(" - meta-1 txn-id mismatch last-txn-id (%" PRIi64 " != %" PRIi64
            ")\n",
            envinfo.me_meta1_txnid, envinfo.me_last_txnid);
      ++problems_meta;
    }

    if (!meta_lt(envinfo.me_meta2_txnid, envinfo.me_meta2_sign,
                 envinfo.me_meta1_txnid, envinfo.me_meta1_sign) &&
        envinfo.me_meta2_txnid != envinfo.me_last_txnid) {
      print(" - meta-2 txn-id mismatch last-txn-id (%" PRIi64 " != %" PRIi64
            ")\n",
            envinfo.me_meta2_txnid, envinfo.me_last_txnid);
      ++problems_meta;
    }
  } else if (locktxn) {
    if (verbose)
      print(" - perform lite check last-txn-id with meta-pages (not a "
            "monopolistic mode)\n");
    uint64_t last = (envinfo.me_meta2_txnid > envinfo.me_meta1_txnid)
                        ? envinfo.me_meta2_txnid
                        : envinfo.me_meta1_txnid;
    if (last != envinfo.me_last_txnid) {
      print(" - last-meta mismatch last-txn-id (%" PRIi64 " != %" PRIi64 ")\n",
            last, envinfo.me_last_txnid);
      ++problems_meta;
    }
  } else if (verbose) {
    print(" - skip check last-txn-id with meta-pages (monopolistic or "
          "write-lock mode only)\n");
  }

  if (!dont_traversal) {
    struct problem *saved_list;
    size_t traversal_problems;
    size_t empty_pages, lost_bytes;

    print("Traversal b-tree...\n");
    fflush(NULL);
    walk.pagemap = calloc(lastpgno, sizeof(*walk.pagemap));
    if (!walk.pagemap) {
      rc = errno ? errno : ENOMEM;
      error("calloc failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
      goto bailout;
    }

    saved_list = problems_push();
    rc = mdbx_env_pgwalk(txn, pgvisitor, NULL);
    traversal_problems = problems_pop(saved_list);

    if (rc) {
      if (rc == EINTR && gotsignal) {
        print(" - interrupted by signal\n");
        fflush(NULL);
      } else {
        error("mdbx_env_pgwalk failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
      }
      goto bailout;
    }

    uint64_t n;
    for (n = 0; n < lastpgno; ++n)
      if (!walk.pagemap[n])
        walk.dbi_pages[0] += 1;

    empty_pages = lost_bytes = 0;
    for (i = 1; i < MAX_DBI && walk.dbi_names[i]; ++i) {
      empty_pages += walk.dbi_empty_pages[i];
      lost_bytes += walk.dbi_lost_bytes[i];
    }

    if (verbose) {
      uint64_t total_page_bytes = walk.pgcount * envstat.ms_psize;
      print(" - dbi pages: %" PRIu64 " total", walk.pgcount);
      if (verbose > 1)
        for (i = 1; i < MAX_DBI && walk.dbi_names[i]; ++i)
          print(", %s %" PRIu64 "", walk.dbi_names[i], walk.dbi_pages[i]);
      print(", %s %" PRIu64 "\n", walk.dbi_names[0], walk.dbi_pages[0]);
      if (verbose > 1) {
        print(" - space info: total %" PRIu64 " bytes, payload %" PRIu64
              " (%.1f%%), unused "
              "%" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)\n",
              total_page_bytes, walk.total_payload_bytes,
              walk.total_payload_bytes * 100.0 / total_page_bytes,
              total_page_bytes - walk.total_payload_bytes,
              (total_page_bytes - walk.total_payload_bytes) * 100.0 /
                  total_page_bytes);
        for (i = 1; i < MAX_DBI && walk.dbi_names[i]; ++i) {
          uint64_t dbi_bytes = walk.dbi_pages[i] * envstat.ms_psize;
          print("     %s: subtotal %" PRIu64 " bytes (%.1f%%),"
                " payload %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%), unused %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)",
                walk.dbi_names[i], dbi_bytes,
                dbi_bytes * 100.0 / total_page_bytes, walk.dbi_payload_bytes[i],
                walk.dbi_payload_bytes[i] * 100.0 / dbi_bytes,
                dbi_bytes - walk.dbi_payload_bytes[i],
                (dbi_bytes - walk.dbi_payload_bytes[i]) * 100.0 / dbi_bytes);
          if (walk.dbi_empty_pages[i])
            print(", %" PRIu64 " empty pages", walk.dbi_empty_pages[i]);
          if (walk.dbi_lost_bytes[i])
            print(", %" PRIu64 " bytes lost", walk.dbi_lost_bytes[i]);
          print("\n");
        }
      }
      print(" - summary: average fill %.1f%%",
            walk.total_payload_bytes * 100.0 / total_page_bytes);
      if (empty_pages)
        print(", %" PRIuPTR " empty pages", empty_pages);
      if (lost_bytes)
        print(", %" PRIuPTR " bytes lost", lost_bytes);
      print(", %" PRIuPTR " problems\n", traversal_problems);
    }
  } else if (verbose) {
    print("Skipping b-tree walk...\n");
    fflush(NULL);
  }

  if (!verbose)
    print("Iterating DBIs...\n");
  problems_maindb = process_db(-1, /* MAIN_DBI */ NULL, NULL, 0);
  problems_freedb = process_db(0 /* FREE_DBI */, "free", handle_freedb, 0);

  if (verbose) {
    uint64_t value = envinfo.me_mapsize / envstat.ms_psize;
    double percent = value / 100.0;
    print(" - pages info: %" PRIu64 " total", value);
    print(", allocated %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)", lastpgno, lastpgno / percent);

    if (verbose > 1) {
      value = envinfo.me_mapsize / envstat.ms_psize - lastpgno;
      print(", remained %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)", value, value / percent);

      value = lastpgno - freedb_pages;
      print(", used %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)", value, value / percent);

      print(", gc %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)", freedb_pages, freedb_pages / percent);

      value = freedb_pages - reclaimable_pages;
      print(", detained %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)", value, value / percent);

      print(", reclaimable %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)", reclaimable_pages,
            reclaimable_pages / percent);
    }

    value =
        envinfo.me_mapsize / envstat.ms_psize - lastpgno + reclaimable_pages;
    print(", available %" PRIu64 " (%.1f%%)\n", value, value / percent);
  }

  if (problems_maindb == 0 && problems_freedb == 0) {
    if (!dont_traversal && (exclusive || locktxn)) {
      if (walk.pgcount != lastpgno - freedb_pages) {
        error("used pages mismatch (%" PRIu64 " != %" PRIu64 ")\n",
              walk.pgcount, lastpgno - freedb_pages);
      }
      if (walk.dbi_pages[0] != freedb_pages) {
        error("gc pages mismatch (%" PRIu64 " != %" PRIu64 ")\n",
              walk.dbi_pages[0], freedb_pages);
      }
    } else if (verbose) {
      print(" - skip check used and gc pages (btree-traversal with "
            "monopolistic or write-lock mode only)\n");
    }

    if (!process_db(-1, NULL, handle_maindb, 1)) {
      if (!userdb_count && verbose)
        print(" - does not contain multiple databases\n");
    }
  }

bailout:
  if (txn)
    mdbx_txn_abort(txn);
  if (locktxn)
    mdbx_txn_abort(locktxn);
  if (env)
    mdbx_env_close(env);
  fflush(NULL);
  if (rc) {
    if (rc < 0)
      return gotsignal ? EXIT_INTERRUPTED : EXIT_FAILURE_SYS;
    return EXIT_FAILURE_MDB;
  }

  if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &timestamp_finish)) {
    rc = errno;
    error("clock_gettime failed, error %d %s\n", rc, mdbx_strerror(rc));
    return EXIT_FAILURE_SYS;
  }

  elapsed = timestamp_finish.tv_sec - timestamp_start.tv_sec +
            (timestamp_finish.tv_nsec - timestamp_start.tv_nsec) * 1e-9;

  total_problems += problems_meta;
  if (total_problems || problems_maindb || problems_freedb) {
    print("Total %" PRIu64 " error(s) is detected, elapsed %.3f seconds.\n",
          total_problems, elapsed);
    if (problems_meta || problems_maindb || problems_freedb)
      return EXIT_FAILURE_CHECK_MAJOR;
    return EXIT_FAILURE_CHECK_MINOR;
  }
  print("No error is detected, elapsed %.3f seconds\n", elapsed);
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}